Citation Guidelines

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Please format source citations as footnotes (or, if there are more than 25 citations in the document, as endnotes). Please use the notes system as outlined in The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition (CMOS), when formatting citations as well as any works listed in the body of teaching notes (e.g., in the Relevant Readings section). Primary sources are preferred when available. Please use short forms for subsequent citations of sources already given in full (see CMOS 14.29–36).1
1 For a quick citation guide that provides further examples of commonly cited sources, see “Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations,” The Chicago Manual of Style Online, accessed October 12, 2023, https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-1.html.
Unless referring to the work as a whole, a citation should specify page numbers. Citations of direct quotations should always specify a page number (if the source is paginated). For sources with four or more authors, list only the first author, followed by “et al.” (see first example under Cases). Access dates should be provided when no publication date is present.
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